How do I address my teen's risky behavior like vaping, alcohol experimentation, or reckless driving?

Approach with curiosity, not confrontation: 'I found this — can we talk about it?' Research shows teens whose parents have ongoing, non-judgmental conversations about substances are significantly less likely to use them. State clear expectations and consequences, but also listen to their perspective. Discuss the science: teen brains are uniquely vulnerable to addiction because the prefrontal cortex (judgment and impulse control) isn't fully developed until age 25. If risky behavior is escalating, consult your pediatrician, who can screen for substance use and provide confidential counseling referrals.