How do I support healthy attachment with my adopted infant who spent time in foster care or an institution?

Infants who experienced early separation, multiple placements, or institutional care may need extra support forming secure attachment. Focus on being consistently responsive: pick them up when they cry, maintain skin-to-skin contact, feed on demand, and minimize the number of caregivers in the early months. Some adopted infants show 'indiscriminate friendliness' (going to anyone) which can look like good social skills but may indicate insecure attachment — gently redirect them to primary caregivers. Others may resist comfort initially. Be patient; trust builds through thousands of small interactions, not grand gestures. Consider 'cocooning' — limiting visitors and outings in the first weeks to strengthen the primary bond. A therapist specializing in adoption attachment can provide targeted strategies. Consult your pediatrician about developmental screening, as early adversity can affect milestones.