What is sensory processing disorder, and how is it different from autism?

Sensory processing disorder (SPD) means the brain has trouble organizing and responding to sensory input. Children with SPD may be hypersensitive (overwhelmed by loud sounds, certain textures, bright lights) or hyposensitive (seeking intense sensory input, crashing into things, mouthing objects past the expected age). SPD can occur on its own or as a feature of autism, ADHD, or anxiety. The key difference: autism involves broader challenges in social communication and restricted interests, while SPD primarily affects sensory responses. However, overlap is common — about 75% of autistic children have sensory differences. If your toddler shows significant sensory sensitivities, request an evaluation from a pediatric occupational therapist. Early intervention with sensory integration therapy can significantly improve daily functioning. Consult your pediatrician for referral to both OT and developmental assessment.